DRPR (Drosophila melanogaster)
Description [+]
- Synonyms: DRPR, DRAPER
- Species: Metazoa;Bilateria;Ecdysozoa;Arthropoda;Hexapoda; Drosophila melanogaster
- Short gene description: draper
- Family: other
- Process: apoptosis,
- Pathways: apoptotic cell clearance,
- Criteria: manually curated
- Curator comment: Null
- Human ortholog(s): SCARF1 KLHL22
- WIKI: DRPR-D_melanogaster
References [+]
- Draper-mediated and phosphatidylserine-independent phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by Drosophila hemocytes/macrophages.
- Manaka J, Kuraishi T, Shiratsuchi A, Nakai Y, Higashida H, Henson P, Nakanishi Y
- The mechanism of phagocytic elimination of dying cells in Drosophila is poorly understood. This study was undertaken to examine the recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells by Drosophila hemocytes/macrophages in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro analysis, l(2)mbn cells (a cell line established from larval hemocytes of a tumorous Drosophila mutant) were used as phagocytes. When l(2)mbn cells were treated with the molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, the cells acquired the ability to phagocytose apoptotic S2 cells, another Drosophila cell line. S2 cells undergoing cycloheximide-induced apoptosis exposed phosphatidylserine on their surface, but their engulfment by l(2)mbn cells did not seem to be mediated by phosphatidylserine. The level of Croquemort, a candidate phagocytosis receptor of Drosophila hemocytes/macrophages, increased in l(2)mbn cells after treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone, whereas that of Draper, another candidate phagocytosis receptor, remained unchanged. However, apoptotic cell phagocytosis was reduced when the expression of Draper, but not of Croquemort, was inhibited by RNA interference in hormone-treated l(2)mbn cells. We next examined whether Draper is responsible for the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in vivo using an assay for engulfment based on assessing DNA degradation of apoptotic cells in dICAD mutant embryos (which only occurred after ingestion by the phagocytes). RNA interference-mediated decrease in the level of Draper in embryos of mutant flies was accompanied by a decrease in the number of cells containing fragmented DNA. Furthermore, histochemical analyses of dispersed embryonic cells revealed that the level of phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by hemocytes/macrophages was reduced when Draper expression was inhibited. These results indicate that Drosophila hemocytes/macrophages execute Draper-mediated phagocytosis to eliminate apoptotic cells. J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 12;279(46):48466-76. Epub 2004 Sep 1.
- The Drosophila cell corpse engulfment receptor Draper mediates glial clearance of severed axons.
- MacDonald JM, Beach MG, Porpiglia E, Sheehan AE, Watts RJ, Freeman MR
- Neuron-glia communication is central to all nervous system responses to trauma, yet neural injury signaling pathways remain poorly understood. Here we explore cellular and molecular aspects of neural injury signaling in Drosophila. We show that transected Drosophila axons undergo injury-induced degeneration that is morphologically similar to Wallerian degeneration in mammals and can be suppressed by the neuroprotective mouse Wlds protein. Axonal injury elicits potent morphological and molecular responses from Drosophila glia: glia upregulate expression of the engulfment receptor Draper, undergo dramatic changes in morphology, and rapidly recruit cellular processes toward severed axons. In draper mutants, glia fail to respond morphologically to axon injury, and severed axons are not cleared from the CNS. Thus Draper appears to act as a glial receptor for severed axon-derived molecular cues that drive recruitment of glial processes to injured axons for engulfment. Neuron. 2006 Jun 15;50(6):869-81.
- Clearance of apoptotic corpses.
- Fullard JF, Kale A, Baker NE
- Apoptotic corpses can be engulfed and cleared by many other cell types in addition to 'professional' phagocytes such as macrophage. Studies of several organisms have contributed to the understanding of apoptotic corpse engulfment. Two partially redundant engulfment pathways have been characterized that act even in non-professional phagocytes to promote corpse engulfment. This review summarizes some recent progress in signaling by these pathways, including the exposure of eat-me-signals on apoptotic cells, and insights from Drosophila on the roles of the bridging receptor Six Microns Under, the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Shark, and store-operated calcium release in the Draper/Ced-1 pathway of corpse recognition and internalization. The mechanism of apoptotic phagosome maturation is outlined, and possible connections between corpse engulfment and proliferation, cell competition, and immunity are discussed. Apoptosis. 2009 Aug;14(8):1029-37.
Structure & Sequence [+]
Pfam domains:
(Pfam is a large collection of protein families.)
Source | Domain Name | Start | End |
---|---|---|---|
PFAM A | EGF_2 | 227 | 257 |
PFAM A | EGF_2 | 313 | 343 |
Protein sequence [+]
drpr | Drosophila melanogaster | 7227 | length:1031
MLPVILIACLAQLVLAQADLKDLDGPNICKRRELYNVDVVYTELQSFQERGSTWCVTFPP
RCSTYRIKHRVVNKTKTIAKNRIVRDCCDGYIASAGECVPHCSEPCQHGRCISPEKCKCD
HGYGGPACDINCPPGWYGRNCSMQCDCLNNAVCEPFSGDCECAKGYTGARCADICPEGFF
GANCSEKCRCENGGKCHHVSGECQCAPGFTGPLCDMRCPDGKHGAQCQQDCPCQNDGKCQ
PETGACMCNPGWTGDVCANKCPVGSYGPGCQESCECYKGAPCHHITGQCECPPGYRGERC
FDECQLNTYGFNCSMTCDCANDAMCDRANGTCICNPGWTGAKCAERICEANKYGLDCNRT
CECDMEHTDLCHPETGNCQCSIGWSSAQCTRPCTFLRYGPNCELTCNCKNGAKCSPVNGT
CLCAPGWRGPTCEESCEPGTFGQDCALRCDCQNGAKCEPETGQCLCTAGWKNIKCDRPCD
LNHFGQDCAKVCDCHNNAACNPQNGSCTCAAGWTGERCERKCDTGKFGHDCAQKCQCDFN
NSLACDATNGRCVCKQDWGGVHCETNCRSGYYGENCDKVCRCLNNSSCDPDSGNCICSAG
WTGADCAEPCPPGFYGMECKERCPEILHGNKSCDHITGEILCRTGYIGLTCEHPCPAGLY
GPGCKLKCNCEHGGECNHVTGQCQCLPGWTGSNCNESCPTDTYGQGCAQRCRCVHHKVCR
KADGMCICETGWSGTRCDEVCPEGFYGEHCMNTCACPSANFQCHAAHGCVCRSGYTGDNC
DELIASQRIADQSENSSRASVALTLVLMTLFACIIFAVFIYYRRRVSNLKTEIAHVHYTH
DTNPPSWPPNHNFDNPVYGMQAETRLLPNNMRSKMNNFDQRSTMSTDYGDDCNASGRVGS
YSINYNHDLLTKNLNADRTNPIVYNESLKEEHVYDEIKHKEGYKDPDEYDHLDYSRPSTS
QKPHYHRMNDAMLNINQDEEKPSNVKNMTVLLNKPLPPTEPEPQHECFDNTNTNLDNVST
ASPSSSPKFLK
RCSTYRIKHRVVNKTKTIAKNRIVRDCCDGYIASAGECVPHCSEPCQHGRCISPEKCKCD
HGYGGPACDINCPPGWYGRNCSMQCDCLNNAVCEPFSGDCECAKGYTGARCADICPEGFF
GANCSEKCRCENGGKCHHVSGECQCAPGFTGPLCDMRCPDGKHGAQCQQDCPCQNDGKCQ
PETGACMCNPGWTGDVCANKCPVGSYGPGCQESCECYKGAPCHHITGQCECPPGYRGERC
FDECQLNTYGFNCSMTCDCANDAMCDRANGTCICNPGWTGAKCAERICEANKYGLDCNRT
CECDMEHTDLCHPETGNCQCSIGWSSAQCTRPCTFLRYGPNCELTCNCKNGAKCSPVNGT
CLCAPGWRGPTCEESCEPGTFGQDCALRCDCQNGAKCEPETGQCLCTAGWKNIKCDRPCD
LNHFGQDCAKVCDCHNNAACNPQNGSCTCAAGWTGERCERKCDTGKFGHDCAQKCQCDFN
NSLACDATNGRCVCKQDWGGVHCETNCRSGYYGENCDKVCRCLNNSSCDPDSGNCICSAG
WTGADCAEPCPPGFYGMECKERCPEILHGNKSCDHITGEILCRTGYIGLTCEHPCPAGLY
GPGCKLKCNCEHGGECNHVTGQCQCLPGWTGSNCNESCPTDTYGQGCAQRCRCVHHKVCR
KADGMCICETGWSGTRCDEVCPEGFYGEHCMNTCACPSANFQCHAAHGCVCRSGYTGDNC
DELIASQRIADQSENSSRASVALTLVLMTLFACIIFAVFIYYRRRVSNLKTEIAHVHYTH
DTNPPSWPPNHNFDNPVYGMQAETRLLPNNMRSKMNNFDQRSTMSTDYGDDCNASGRVGS
YSINYNHDLLTKNLNADRTNPIVYNESLKEEHVYDEIKHKEGYKDPDEYDHLDYSRPSTS
QKPHYHRMNDAMLNINQDEEKPSNVKNMTVLLNKPLPPTEPEPQHECFDNTNTNLDNVST
ASPSSSPKFLK
Evolution [+]
View protein alignment and tree with Jalview:  
Explore tree at phylomeDB:   Click here.
Homologs list [+]
Name | Relationship | Species |
---|---|---|
A_aegypti_AAEL008198-PA | orthology | Aedes |
A_gambiae_AGAP007256-PA | orthology | Anopheles |
IPI00811359.1 | orthology | Chicken |
XR_024514.1 | orthology | Chimpanzee |
IPI00711101.4 | orthology | Cow |
IPI00690576.4 | orthology | Cow |
SCARF1 | orthology | Dog |
SCARF1 | orthology | Fugu |
SCARF2 | orthology | Fugu |
SCARF1 | orthology | Gasterosteus |
SCARF2 | orthology | Gasterosteus |
SCARF2 | orthology | Horse |
SCARF1 | orthology | Human |
KLHL22 | orthology | Human |
SCARF2 | orthology | Lyzard |
SCARF1 | orthology | Macaca |
SCARF2 | orthology | Macaca |
SCARF1 | orthology | Medaka |
SCARF2 | orthology | Medaka |
SCARF1 | orthology | Monodelphis |
Scarf1 | orthology | Mouse |
Scarf2 | orthology | Mouse |
SCARF1 | orthology | Orangutan |
SCARF2 | orthology | Ornithorhynchus |
SCARF2 | orthology | Rabbit |
NP_001100492.1 | orthology | Rat |
NP_001099334.1 | orthology | Rat |
SCARF2 | orthology | Tetraodon |
ced-1 | orthology | Worm |
SCARF2 | orthology | Xenopus |
SCARF2 | orthology | Zebra finch |
SCARF1 | orthology | Zebra finch |
Q9W737_CHICK | paralogy | Chicken |
IPI00580976.3 | paralogy | Chicken |
IPI00587188.2 | paralogy | Chicken |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Chicken |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Chicken |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Chimpanzee |
P_troglodytes_ENSPTRP00000050336 | paralogy | Chimpanzee |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Chimpanzee |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Chimpanzee |
XR_025326.1 | paralogy | Chimpanzee |
NA | paralogy | Ciona |
NA | paralogy | Ciona |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Cow |
NP_001094770.1 | paralogy | Cow |
IPI00703880.3 | paralogy | Cow |
B_taurus_ENSBTAP00000016682 | paralogy | Cow |
IPI00696936.3 | paralogy | Cow |
Q2KJ78_BOVIN | paralogy | Cow |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Dog |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Dog |
NOTCH1 | paralogy | Dog |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Dog |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Dog |
TNXB | paralogy | Dog |
MEGF11 (1 of 2) | paralogy | Fugu |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Fugu |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Fugu |
MEGF11 (2 of 2) | paralogy | Fugu |
NOTCH1 (1 of 2) | paralogy | Fugu |
G_aculeatus_ENSGACP00000009694 | paralogy | Gasterosteus |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Gasterosteus |
MEGF11 (2 of 2) | paralogy | Gasterosteus |
MEGF11 (1 of 2) | paralogy | Gasterosteus |
NOTCH1 (2 of 2) | paralogy | Gasterosteus |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Gasterosteus |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Gasterosteus |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Gorilla |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Gorilla |
TNXB | paralogy | Gorilla |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Gorilla |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Gorilla |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Horse |
TNXB | paralogy | Horse |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Horse |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Horse |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Horse |
Q6X9X2_HORSE | paralogy | Horse |
TNXB | paralogy | Human |
TNXB | paralogy | Human |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Human |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Human |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Human |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Human |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Lyzard |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Lyzard |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Lyzard |
A_carolinensis_ENSACAP00000015331 | paralogy | Lyzard |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Lyzard |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Macaca |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Macaca |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Macaca |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Macaca |
O_latipes_ENSORLP00000015014 | paralogy | Medaka |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Medaka |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Medaka |
MEGF11 (2 of 2) | paralogy | Medaka |
MEGF11 (1 of 2) | paralogy | Medaka |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Monodelphis |
TNC | paralogy | Monodelphis |
NOTCH2 | paralogy | Monodelphis |
LOC100023818 | paralogy | Monodelphis |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Monodelphis |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Monodelphis |
M_domestica_ENSMODP00000020159 | paralogy | Monodelphis |
TNXB | paralogy | Monodelphis |
Megf6 | paralogy | Mouse |
Megf11 | paralogy | Mouse |
Megf10 | paralogy | Mouse |
Tnc | paralogy | Mouse |
Pear1 | paralogy | Mouse |
Tnxb | paralogy | Mouse |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Orangutan |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Orangutan |
P_pygmaeus_ENSPPYP00000018427 | paralogy | Orangutan |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Orangutan |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Ornithorhynchus |
O_anatinus_ENSOANP00000028325 | paralogy | Ornithorhynchus |
TNC | paralogy | Ornithorhynchus |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Ornithorhynchus |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Ornithorhynchus |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Rabbit |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Rabbit |
NOTC2_RAT | paralogy | Rat |
Megf11 | paralogy | Rat |
NP_001128431.1 | paralogy | Rat |
B4F7A0_RAT | paralogy | Rat |
Q63404_RAT | paralogy | Rat |
MEGF6_RAT | paralogy | Rat |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Tetraodon |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Tetraodon |
MEGF11 (1 of 2) | paralogy | Tetraodon |
MEGF11 (2 of 2) | paralogy | Tetraodon |
Y64G10A.7 | paralogy | Worm |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Xenopus |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Xenopus |
X_tropicalis_ENSXETP00000011268 | paralogy | Xenopus |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Xenopus |
T_guttata_ENSTGUP00000011389 | paralogy | Zebra finch |
MEGF11 | paralogy | Zebra finch |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Zebra finch |
MEGF6 | paralogy | Zebra finch |
PEAR1 | paralogy | Zebrafish |
tnc | paralogy | Zebrafish |
notch2 | paralogy | Zebrafish |
MEGF10 | paralogy | Zebrafish |
megf11 | paralogy | Zebrafish |
D_rerio_ENSDARP00000090349 | paralogy | Zebrafish |
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Gene Ontology [+]
GO id | Name | Ontology type | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0042773 | ATP synthesis coupled electron transport | biological_proccess | IEA |
GO:0055114 | oxidation reduction | biological_proccess | IEA |
GO:0008137 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity | mollecular_function | IEA |
GO:0016491 | oxidoreductase activity | mollecular_function | IEA |
GO:0005743 | mitochondrial inner membrane | cell_component | IEA |
Check GO Evidence Codes here
Information from other databases [+]
- Ensembl genome browser [?] : FBgn0027594
- Expression info from Arrayexpress [?] : FBgn0027594
- Protein expression from Protein Atlas: [?] FBgn0027594
Click on [?] for more information.