GRIM (Drosophila melanogaster)
Description [+]
- Synonyms: GRIM
- Species: Metazoa;Bilateria;Ecdysozoa;Arthropoda;Hexapoda; Drosophila melanogaster
- Short gene description: NA
- Family: IAP antagonist
- Process: apoptosis,
- Pathways:
- Criteria: manually curated
- Curator comment:
- WIKI: GRIM-D_melanogaster
References [+]
- grim, a novel cell death gene in Drosophila.
- Chen P, Nordstrom W, Gish B, Abrams JM
- A genomic interval at 75C1,2 is required for programmed cell death in Drosophila. We identified a new activator of apoptosis, grim, which maps between two previously identified cell death genes in this region reaper (rpr) and head involution defective (hid). Expression of grim RNA coincided with the onset of programmed cell death at all stages of embryonic development, whereas ectopic induction of grim triggered extensive apoptosis in both transgenic animals and in cell culture. Cell killing by grim was blocked by coexpression of p35, a viral product that inactivates ICE-like proteases, and did not require the functions of rpr or hid. The predicted grim protein shares an amino-terminal motif in common with rpr. However, grim was sufficient to elicit apoptosis in at least one context, where rpr was not. The grim gene product might thus function in a parallel circuit of cell death signaling that ultimately activates a common set of downstream apoptotic effectors. Genes Dev. 1996 Jul 15;10(14):1773-82.
Structure & Sequence [+]
Protein sequence [+]
grim | Drosophila melanogaster | 7227 | length:138
MAIAYFIPDQAQLLARSYQQNGQQTAASPRTTATAAAPSQQQQQSQQQQQQQRHHHQQQR
PQFRANISVPLGSQQGSMTMSEFGCWDLLAQIFCYALRIYSYSSSQRQPTVIQISFEISS
GGQNNDEDDVTDATSKEN
PQFRANISVPLGSQQGSMTMSEFGCWDLLAQIFCYALRIYSYSSSQRQPTVIQISFEISS
GGQNNDEDDVTDATSKEN
Evolution [+]
View protein alignment and tree with Jalview:
Explore tree at phylomeDB: Click here.
Homologs list [+]
| Name | Relationship | Species |
|---|
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Gene Ontology [+]
| GO id | Name | Ontology type | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006506 | GPI anchor biosynthetic process | biological_proccess | IEA |
| GO:0016757 | transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups | mollecular_function | IEA |
| GO:0031227 | intrinsic to endoplasmic reticulum membrane | cell_component | IEA |
Check GO Evidence Codes here
miRNAs [+]
| miRNA | Regulation | Description | Pubmed |
|---|---|---|---|
| dme-miR-11 | downregulation by 2’-O-Me antisense miRNA oligon | Conversely, the grim GFP sensor shows significant derepression as a result of miR-2/13, 11, and 308,but not miR-6 depletion. | Ref. |
| dme-miR-13b | downregulation by 2’-O-Me antisense miRNA oligon | Conversely, the grim GFP sensor shows significant derepression as a result of miR-2/13, 11, and 308,but not miR-6 depletion. | Ref. |
| dme-miR-2a | overexpression by miRNA precursor transfection | The grim and sickle 39 UTR sensor transgenes were expressed at detectable levels in transgenic flies and were both downregulated by expression of miR-2b in the wing disc (Figure 4D and 4E). | Ref. |
| dme-miR-2b | downregulation by 2’-O-Me antisense miRNA oligon | Conversely, the grim GFP sensor shows significant derepression as a result of miR-2/13, 11, and 308,but not miR-6 depletion. | Ref. |
| dme-miR-2b | overexpression by mature miRNA transfection | The site in the grim 39 UTR is predicted to form a 6mer seed match with all three miRNAs (Figure 5C, left), but only miR-2 shows the extensive 39 complementarity that we predict would be needed for a 39 compensatory site with a 6mer seed to function (_19.1 kcal/mol, 63% maximum 39 pairing, versus _10.9 kcal/mol, 46% maximum, for miR-11 and_8.7 kcal/mol, 37% maximum, for miR-6). Indeed, only miR-2 was able to regulate the grim 39 UTR reporter, whereas miR-6 and miR-11 were non-functional. | Ref. |
| dme-miR-308 | downregulation by 2’-O-Me antisense miRNA oligon | Conversely, the grim GFP sensor shows significant derepression as a result of miR-2/13, 11, and 308,but not miR-6 depletion. | Ref. |
Information from other databases [+]
- Gene info from FyBase [?] FBgn0015946
- Ensembl genome browser [?] : FBgn0015946
- Expression info from Arrayexpress [?] : FBgn0015946
- Protein expression from Protein Atlas: [?] FBgn0015946
Click on [?] for more information.
