AK2 (Homo sapiens)
Description [+]
- Synonyms: AK2,
- Species: Metazoa;Bilateria;Deuterostoma;Chordata;Vertebrata;Mammalia;Primates;Hominidae; Homo sapiens
- Short gene description: Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 2, mitochondrial (AK 2)(EC 2.7.4.3)(ATP-AMP transphosphorylase 2) [Source:UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot;Acc:P54819]
- Family: other
- Process:
- Pathways:
- Criteria: manually curated
- Curator comment: Adenilate kinase-2 is released from mitochondria during apoptosis, but its function remains unknown
- Mouse ortholog(s): Ak2
- WIKI: AK2-H_sapiens
References [+]
- cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of the gene encoding human adenylate kinase isozyme 2.
- Noma T, Song S, Yoon YS, Tanaka S, Nakazawa A
- We isolated two kinds of cDNAs encoding human adenylate kinase (AK) isozyme 2 from a HeLa cell cDNA library using bovine AK2 cDNA as a probe. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that the cDNAs encoded 239- and 232-amino acid proteins with deduced molecular mass of 26.5 (AK2A) and 25.6kDa (AK2B), respectively. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that AK2 mRNA is strongly expressed in liver, heart, skeletal muscle and pancreas, and moderately in kidney, placenta and brain, and weakly in lung. However, Western blot analysis showed that AK2 protein was present in large amounts in liver, heart, kidney, and in a small amount in lung, and undetectable in brain and skeletal muscle. These results suggested the presence of the tissue-specific gene-expression including post-transcriptional regulation in expression of the AK2 gene. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Jan 7;1395(1):34-9.
- Simultaneous release of adenylate kinase and cytochrome c in cell death.
- Single B, Leist M, Nicotera P
- Cell Death Differ. 1998 Dec;5(12):1001-3.
Structure & Sequence [+]
Pfam domains:
(Pfam is a large collection of protein families.)
| Source | Domain Name | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|
| PFAM A | ADK | 20 | 206 |
| PFAM A | ADK_lid | 142 | 177 |
Protein sequence [+]
AK2 | Homo sapiens | 9606 | length:239
MAPSVPAAEPEYPKGIRAVLLGPPGAGKGTQAPRLAENFCVCHLATGDMLRAMVASGSEL
GKKLKATMDAGKLVSDEMVVELIEKNLETPLCKNGFLLDGFPRTVRQAEMLDDLMEKRKE
KLDSVIEFSIPDSLLIRRITGRLIHPKSGRSYHEEFNPPKEPMKDDITGEPLIRRSDDNE
KALKIRLQAYHTQTTPLIEYYRKRGIHSAIDASQTPDVVFASILAAFSKATCKDLVMFI
GKKLKATMDAGKLVSDEMVVELIEKNLETPLCKNGFLLDGFPRTVRQAEMLDDLMEKRKE
KLDSVIEFSIPDSLLIRRITGRLIHPKSGRSYHEEFNPPKEPMKDDITGEPLIRRSDDNE
KALKIRLQAYHTQTTPLIEYYRKRGIHSAIDASQTPDVVFASILAAFSKATCKDLVMFI
Structure links:
Evolution [+]
View protein alignment and tree with Jalview:
Explore tree at phylomeDB: Click here.
Homologs list [+]
| Name | Relationship | Species |
|---|---|---|
| Q1HQK0_AEDAE | orthology | Aedes |
| A_gambiae_AGAP007722-PA | orthology | Anopheles |
| AK2 | orthology | Chicken |
| XR_021936.1 | orthology | Chimpanzee |
| C_intestinalis_ENSCINP00000008001 | orthology | Ciona |
| KAD2_BOVIN | orthology | Cow |
| AK2 | orthology | Dog |
| Adk2 | orthology | Fly |
| AK2 | orthology | Fugu |
| AK2 | orthology | Gasterosteus |
| AK2 | orthology | Gorilla |
| AK2 | orthology | Horse |
| AK2 | orthology | Lyzard |
| AK2 | orthology | Macaca |
| AK2 | orthology | Medaka |
| AK2 | orthology | Monodelphis |
| Ak2 | orthology | Mouse |
| KAD2_PONPY | orthology | Orangutan |
| AK2 | orthology | Ornithorhynchus |
| AK2 | orthology | Rabbit |
| KAD2_RAT | orthology | Rat |
| RGD1562178_predicted | orthology | Rat |
| AK2 | orthology | Tetraodon |
| let-754 | orthology | Worm |
| ak2 | orthology | Xenopus |
| ADK1 | orthology | Yeast |
| AK2 | orthology | Zebra finch |
| ak2 | orthology | Zebrafish |
| A_aegypti_AAEL000629-PA | paralogy | Aedes |
| A_aegypti_AAEL008131-PA | paralogy | Aedes |
| A_aegypti_AAEL009337-PA | paralogy | Aedes |
| A_gambiae_AGAP003968-PA | paralogy | Anopheles |
| A_gambiae_AGAP009317-PA | paralogy | Anopheles |
| A_gambiae_AGAP009660-PA | paralogy | Anopheles |
| KCY_CHICK | paralogy | Chicken |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Chicken |
| AK3 | paralogy | Chicken |
| AK5 | paralogy | Chimpanzee |
| CMPK1 | paralogy | Chimpanzee |
| Q6UIS0_PANTR | paralogy | Chimpanzee |
| AK3 | paralogy | Chimpanzee |
| AK1 | paralogy | Chimpanzee |
| C_intestinalis_ENSCINP00000008568 | paralogy | Ciona |
| C_intestinalis_ENSCINP00000008856 | paralogy | Ciona |
| C_intestinalis_ENSCINP00000009832 | paralogy | Ciona |
| C_intestinalis_ENSCINP00000014265 | paralogy | Ciona |
| KAD3_BOVIN | paralogy | Cow |
| KCY_BOVIN | paralogy | Cow |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Cow |
| KAD4_BOVIN | paralogy | Cow |
| KAD1_BOVIN | paralogy | Cow |
| AK3 | paralogy | Dog |
| C_familiaris_ENSCAFP00000003062 | paralogy | Dog |
| C_familiaris_ENSCAFP00000018438 | paralogy | Dog |
| C_familiaris_ENSCAFP00000020255 | paralogy | Dog |
| C_familiaris_ENSCAFP00000022330 | paralogy | Dog |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Dog |
| C_familiaris_ENSCAFP00000027551 | paralogy | Dog |
| C9orf98 | paralogy | Dog |
| AK1 | paralogy | Dog |
| Adk1 | paralogy | Fly |
| Adk3 | paralogy | Fly |
| Dak1 | paralogy | Fly |
| CMPK1 | paralogy | Fugu |
| AK1 | paralogy | Fugu |
| AK3 | paralogy | Fugu |
| C9orf98 | paralogy | Fugu |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Fugu |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Gasterosteus |
| CMPK1 | paralogy | Gasterosteus |
| AK1 | paralogy | Gasterosteus |
| AK3 | paralogy | Gasterosteus |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Gorilla |
| AK3 | paralogy | Gorilla |
| C9orf98 | paralogy | Horse |
| AK1 | paralogy | Horse |
| AK3 | paralogy | Horse |
| AK5 | paralogy | Horse |
| E_caballus_ENSECAP00000014366 | paralogy | Horse |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Horse |
| AK1 | paralogy | Human |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Human |
| AK5 | paralogy | Human |
| CMPK1 | paralogy | Human |
| AK3 | paralogy | Human |
| C9orf98 | paralogy | Lyzard |
| AK3 | paralogy | Lyzard |
| CMPK1 | paralogy | Lyzard |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Lyzard |
| AK1 | paralogy | Lyzard |
| M_mulatta_ENSMMUP00000031895 | paralogy | Macaca |
| M_mulatta_ENSMMUP00000034708 | paralogy | Macaca |
| AK3 | paralogy | Macaca |
| M_mulatta_ENSMMUP00000000192 | paralogy | Macaca |
| M_mulatta_ENSMMUP00000001438 | paralogy | Macaca |
| M_mulatta_ENSMMUP00000009367 | paralogy | Macaca |
| AK1 | paralogy | Macaca |
| M_mulatta_ENSMMUP00000022868 | paralogy | Macaca |
| AK5 | paralogy | Macaca |
| CMPK1 | paralogy | Medaka |
| AK1 | paralogy | Medaka |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Medaka |
| AK3 | paralogy | Medaka |
| C9orf98 | paralogy | Medaka |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Monodelphis |
| CMPK1 | paralogy | Monodelphis |
| M_domestica_ENSMODP00000002369 | paralogy | Monodelphis |
| AK3 | paralogy | Monodelphis |
| AK1 | paralogy | Monodelphis |
| Ak3 | paralogy | Mouse |
| Ak3l1 | paralogy | Mouse |
| Cmpk1 | paralogy | Mouse |
| Ak5 | paralogy | Mouse |
| Ak1 | paralogy | Mouse |
| AK5 | paralogy | Orangutan |
| KAD4_PONPY | paralogy | Orangutan |
| CMPK1 | paralogy | Orangutan |
| KAD3_PONPY | paralogy | Orangutan |
| Q5REN6_PONPY | paralogy | Orangutan |
| AK3 | paralogy | Ornithorhynchus |
| C9orf98 | paralogy | Ornithorhynchus |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Ornithorhynchus |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Rabbit |
| AK3 | paralogy | Rabbit |
| Cmpk | paralogy | Rat |
| Ak3l1 | paralogy | Rat |
| Ak3 | paralogy | Rat |
| CMPK1 | paralogy | Tetraodon |
| AK3 | paralogy | Tetraodon |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Tetraodon |
| AK1 | paralogy | Tetraodon |
| ZK673.2 | paralogy | Worm |
| C29F7.3 | paralogy | Worm |
| F38B2.4 | paralogy | Worm |
| F40F8.1 | paralogy | Worm |
| AK3 | paralogy | Xenopus |
| cmpk | paralogy | Xenopus |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Xenopus |
| ak1 | paralogy | Xenopus |
| ADK2 | paralogy | Yeast |
| AK1 | paralogy | Zebra finch |
| B5FYH4_TAEGU | paralogy | Zebra finch |
| CMPK1 | paralogy | Zebra finch |
| AK3L1 | paralogy | Zebra finch |
| cmpk | paralogy | Zebrafish |
| zgc:91930 | paralogy | Zebrafish |
| zgc:85790 | paralogy | Zebrafish |
| zgc:112030 | paralogy | Zebrafish |
| ak3l1 | paralogy | Zebrafish |
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Gene Ontology [+]
| GO id | Name | Ontology type | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006139 | nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process | biological_proccess | IEA |
| GO:0005524 | ATP binding | mollecular_function | IEA |
| GO:0004017 | adenylate kinase activity | mollecular_function | TAS |
| GO:0019206 | nucleoside kinase activity | mollecular_function | EXP |
| GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | mollecular_function | IEA |
| GO:0016740 | transferase activity | mollecular_function | IEA |
| GO:0019205 | nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide kinase activity | mollecular_function | IEA |
| GO:0016776 | phosphotransferase activity, phosphate group as acceptor | mollecular_function | IEA |
| GO:0019201 | nucleotide kinase activity | mollecular_function | IEA |
| GO:0004017 | adenylate kinase activity | mollecular_function | IEA |
| GO:0005758 | mitochondrial intermembrane space | cell_component | EXP |
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | cell_component | IEA |
| GO:0005743 | mitochondrial inner membrane | cell_component | IEA |
Check GO Evidence Codes here
KEGG Pathways [+]
miRNAs [+]
| miRNA | Regulation | Description | Pubmed |
|---|---|---|---|
| hsa-miR-124 | overexpression by mature miRNA transfection | miR-1 or miR-124 RNA duplexes were transfected into HeLa cells, and mRNA was purified and profiled on microarrays (Fig. 1a). Filtering the expression profiles for genes characterized by the LocusLink database12 that were significantly downregulated (P , 0.001) at both 12 and 24 h, gave sets of 96 and 174 annotated genes downregulated by miR-1 and miR-124, respectively (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). | Ref. |
Curated Isoforms [+]
Info from The Vertebrate Genome Annotation (VEGA) database.
(*) Canonical transcript and translation forms.
Information from other databases [+]
- Gene info from HGNC [?] :362
- Gene related info from GeneCards [?] : AK2
- Ensembl genome browser [?] : ENSG00000004455
- Expression info from Arrayexpress [?] : ENSG00000004455
- Protein expression from Protein Atlas: [?] ENSG00000004455
- Community gene edition from Wikigenes: [?] 204
Click on [?] for more information.
